The participants were excluded from the study if they had situations that might interfere with the proper interpretation of pupillometry results. Cemil Tascioglu Education and Research Hospital under the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.Īll participants provided written informed consent prior to undergoing all examinations. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Prof. This study included 58 COVID-19 cases (diagnosis was confirmed by PCR test) who were hospitalized in July 2020. The aim of this study is to compare the results of the pupil responses during and three months later COVID-19 infection. However, since pupil functions are managed by the autonomic nervous system, the assessment of pupil function might be a useful test for determining autonomic dysfunction. Whether the examination of brainstem reflexes such as corneal reflexes and pupillary reflexes are useful for early detection of central nervous system (CNS) involvement is still unclear. Inexplicable symptoms and signs may also be related to autonomic system involvement.
Eye pupil size chart skin#
In the aforementioned case, EEG was normal and the sympathetic skin response was pathological, which is an objective sign for autonomic dysfunction. Because one case report showed a case with COVID-19 displaying initial non-epileptic seizures and the association of the COVID-19 with autonomic dysfunction was emphasized in this report. In COVID-19 cases, autonomic nervous system involvement is also possible. Interestingly, a patient detected with COVID-19 virus in the cerebrospinal fluid has also been reported. In a retrospective study from China, neurologic symptoms were observed in 36.4% of the hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection. The transneuronal transport of SARS-CoV through the olfactory bulb supports this hypothesis. Glial cells and neurons of the central nervous system have been reported to express ACE-2 receptors, therefore, the brain becomes the potential target of the virus. In addition, a report from China has shown that some patients did not suffer from respiratory symptoms but had neurologic signs and symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the lungs, the most affected organ in this disease, through the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 receptor found in type II alveolar epithelial cells. The most commonly reported symptoms are fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue, and complicated dyspnea.
Pupil responses were found significantly different in COVID-19 cases when compared with the measurements taken three months later.Ĭoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in severe acute respiratory syndrome.
The average dilation speed measurements at every second measured were lower in during COVID-19 infection than the 3rd months later ( p = 0.001 p < 0.01 for each). The mean pupil diameter was significantly lower during COVID-19 infection at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th seconds ( p < 0.01, for each). No statistically significant difference was found in the mean photopic pupil diameter and the mean pupil diameter at 0 s between measurements ( p > 0.05, p = 0.734 respectively). The mean scotopic and mesopic pupil diameter value of during COVID-19 infection was found lower than the 3rd month post-infection. Pupil responses measured during COVID-19 infection and 3 months later were compared. The average dilation speed was calculated at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th seconds. Pupil diameters were noted at the 0, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, and 10th seconds in reflex pupil dilation after the termination of a light. The scotopic, mesopic and photopic diameters were noted. This study included 58 COVID-19 cases (mean age 47.23 ± 1.1 years). To compare pupillary responses in patients with Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) during active infection and at 3rd months post-infection.
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